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Philosophy

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The Three Jewels of the Jains
Revealing the Jain's three jewels, as delivered in 'A Lamp of the True Light' by Eloise Hart and pointing out the pitfalls along the spiritual path.
Appealing To Inappropriate Authority
Sometimes it is necessary to rely on an expert. It is vital to choose an expert who is fully qualified in the correct field.
Refuting Kant With Hegel's Theory of Knowing
Hegel's Theory of Knowing is in the context of space and time, where many philosophers feel it should have always been. As part of humanity, time and space are necessary.
Thales of Miletus
Thales of Miletus was the first man, on record, in ancient Greece to suggest that perhaps humans were not the creation of the gods; perhaps all came from water.
Xenophanes of Colophon
The Pre-Socratic philosopher Xenophanes affirmed the existence of a single god but denied that humans could ever fully articulate who that god was.
Protagoras' Paradox
Protagoras' Paradox, also known as The Paradox of the Court, is still debated in law schools today - as it has been for over two thousand years.
The Philosophy of Habits
A philosophical approach to understand the origins of the habit, its evolutive advantages and disadvantages according to Aristotle, Kant and eastern traditions.
Philosophy in Daily Life
There are 5 main branches of philosophy. Mind & Soul here covers many of them. Much of the New Age movement and other religions address "metaphysics".
Realworld Philosophy
This is the second in a series designed to help readers learn to find philosophy in the real world and to be able to see how it works in practice.
William James and Authoritative Mysticism
In support of his account of what counts as a mystical experience, William James offers an analysis of how and why a mystic holds an authoritative position.
Valuable Lessons Learned are Part of Life
Everyone wants results, but there are also valuable lessons learned when life does not go according to plan. It all stems down to how one views their attempts.
William James and Mysticsm
William James sought to synthesize science and religion in The Varieties of Religious Experience. This essay introduces his ideas on mysticism, and mystical experience.
Does Religion Make You Live Longer?
Religion plays a large role in the lives of many people. What role does religion play when it comes to longevity?
The Tibetan Book of the Dead
One of the most important books of Buddhism, the Bardo Thödol is a book that teaches people how to die by teaching them how to live.
Profile of Hindu Saint Anandamayi Ma
Anandamayi Ma is widely known for paving the way for women spiritual leaders in the Hindu religion. She attained full enlightenment without the help of a guru.
The Spiritual Side of Yoga
People often think of yoga as merely a physical practice. The true measure of progress in yoga, however, is the amount of peace that is experienced in life.
Richard Dawkins' Spectrum of God Probability
In his book ,The God Delusion, Richard Dawkins determines a scale for mankind's belief in the probability of the existence of god.
Real World Philosophy
The truth is, philosophy shows up in daily life. People can find it used in the workplace, through religion and at home, when parenting.
The Life and Works of John Locke
The ideas of John Locke can be found in the United States Declaration of Independence as well as in the modern political views of government.
Review of Logic – A Very Short Introduction
Logic has its roots in Ancient Greece, but took its modern form in the mid-19th century. This VSI covers the basics of logic, a philosophical discipline.
The Difference Between Dharma and Karma
In the west, it's common to confuse the terms Dharma with Karma, but they have different meanings. Learning these concepts is the key to understand the eastern thinking.
Michel Foucault and the Disciplinary Society
Foucault's analysis of social institutions centres the human body amidst power relations where it is the object of knowledge and power exercise.
The Doctrine of the Eternal Recurrence
Nietzsche objects to religion in particular to Christianity because he believes it shifts emphasis from the real world to an unsubstantiated ideal realm.
The Myth of The Eternal Return
In The Myth of the Eternal Return, Eliade argues that humankind needs to appeal to a meta-historical power in the form of Christianity to justify historical suffering.
Alchemy in the Middle Ages
In the dark ages, alchemists were known for trying to transform lead into gold. What people didn't know is that they were also great thinkers hiding from inquisition
What Is Truth?
Identifying what is true is often difficult, but it's possible if people learn the difference between fact and opinion.
Philosophy – Study Roland Barthes, Mythologies
Roland Barthes' "Mythologies" takes structuralist argument of linguist Ferdinand de Saussure, crafts it into a critical lens through which to critique social messaging.
Clinical Philosophy
Clinical philosophy is a therapy that resorts to philosophical thinking in order to help people cope with their existential issues.
God and the Nature of Unconditional Love
Many religions teach that God is love, and that He is full of compassion for His children no matter what those children do wrong, but is that belief realistic today?
The Beliefs and Logic of Descartes and Plato
Like Bertrand Russell, Plato and Rene Descartes believed that people's perceptions of the world were flawed, because people cannot rely upon their own senses.
Epistemology – The True Nature of Knowledge
What does it really mean to know something? Knowledge comes from books and the world, but what's really true and what's only perception can vary from person to person.
The Philosophy of Good and Evil in Humanity
Evil is a problem in the world, but is it also necessary? Most people have heard the term "necessary evil," but whether it's accurate is a matter for consideration.
The Differences Between Hobbes and Locke
John Locke was a near descendant of Thomas Hobbes, but they certainly didn't share the same political opinions and ideals. They had many conflicts and differences.
Is Buddhism a Philosophy or a Religion?
The Eastern tradition of Buddhism teaches its followers to work toward enlightenment and shun all material objects. It has been called both a philosophy and a religion.
Powerful Perception Techniques
Perception is a very powerful force. It determines a person's experience of the world. It can be manipulated and changed to improve one's view of the world.
What is Bertrand Russell's Paradox?
Russell's paradox came about as a result of his concern with set theory's unrestricted comprehension axiom, and it's an important philosophical concept.
Differences Between Plato and Bertrand Russell
Bertrand Russell is a large part of the world of philosophy through his work in mathematics. Plato is valued in philosophical circles more for his work with allegory.
Plato on the Nature and Origin of Justice
Plato believed that some people did wrong because they could get away with it, while others avoided wrongdoing because they felt unable to handle the consequences.
Bertrand Russell's Rejection of Christianity
Bertrand Russell accomplished much over his long and varied career, primarily in philosophy and mathematics, but he completely rejected the idea of Christianity.
Barthes – Left Wing Myth vs. Right Wing Myth
In his most widely read volume, Mythologies, semiotician and philosopher Roland Barthes discusses the usage of political myth by left wing and right wing ideologues.
Barthes – The Mythic Form, How to Read a Myth
When it comes to reading mythical language or deciphering the meaning of myth, Roland Barthes postulates three categories of thought, avenues of analysis.
Existence Precedes Essence
Jean-Paul Sartre describes humans as beings whose existence precedes their essence; in other words, in the human condition, we first exist and only then define ourselves.
David Hume's Reply to Descartes
Descartes wanted to be absolutely sure of something that he couldn't doubt, so he said, "I think therefore I am." David Hume replied with a model to undo Descartes doubt.
Sociology Theory 101 – Social Stratification
Social stratification exists in contemporary society under the social class system - from poor to rich and with varying degrees in between.
Jeremy Bentham
The late 18th century philosopher Jeremy Bentham is best known for his thoughts on utilitarianism but he also advanced a number of thoughts on morals and society.
What is the Difference Between Sex and Gender?
Understanding the difference between sex and gender is crucial to developing a greater comprehension of social theory, feminist theory, and sexual norms and values.
Sociology, Philosophy – Marxist Conflict Theory
Karl Marx was a highly influential sociologist and political scientist responsible for Conflict Theory as well as The Communist Manifesto, along with Friedrich Engels.
Philosophy is Plato and Transcending Boundaries
Ralph Waldo Emerson, American philosopher and poet, writes about the legacy of Plato's thought and philosophy in history, culture and modern life.
Does God Exist?
Science comes down on the side of skepticism without making a commitment; but not ruling it out. Religion comes down on the side of faith. But there is another way.
The Origins of The Christian Science Monitor
From its very first issue in 1908, The Christian Science Monitor has set a high standard for newspapers all over the world. Mary Baker Eddy envisioned just such a paper.